How to Identify Foundation Problems in Older Homes

Older homes often come with charm, character, and history. However, they may also come with foundation issues that can cause significant problems down the road if not addressed early. Identifying foundation problems in older homes is essential for homeowners and buyers alike to ensure the structural integrity of the property. Here’s how you can spot some common signs of foundation trouble.

Cracks in the Walls and Floors

One of the most obvious indicators of foundation issues is cracks in the walls and floors. Small cracks in drywall are not uncommon, especially in older homes, but larger or growing cracks may suggest a more significant problem. Vertical cracks are typically less concerning, but horizontal or stair-step cracks can indicate that the foundation is under stress.

foundation cracks in the concrete in a home.

Pay close attention to cracks around windows and doors. If these cracks are wider than a quarter-inch, it could be a sign of shifting foundation. Also, check for uneven floors or cracks in tile or concrete surfaces, as these are often signs that the foundation is moving.

Sticking Windows and Doors

When doors and windows suddenly start sticking or become difficult to open and close, it may be more than just a humidity issue. Foundation problems can cause the frames of windows and doors to shift, leading to poor alignment. In severe cases, you may even notice gaps at the top or bottom of the frames.

Doors that swing open or closed on their own, or doors that rub against the floor or door frame, may also be indicative of foundation movement. If you’ve noticed these issues throughout your home, it’s worth investigating whether foundation settling is the cause.

Uneven or Sagging Floors

Older homes often have uneven or sagging floors, but not all floor issues are caused by foundation problems. However, if your floors are noticeably sloping or have dips and valleys, the foundation may be settling unevenly. This can happen when the soil beneath the foundation shifts or erodes over time, causing the house to settle in different areas at different rates.

You can check for uneven floors using a simple method: place a ball on the floor and see if it rolls in one direction. While older homes can have some natural unevenness due to age, a professional should address significant sloping to determine if the foundation is the root cause.

Gaps Around Exterior Doors and Windows

Foundation problems often manifest in the exterior of the home as well. Gaps between the walls and exterior doors or windows can be a sign that the foundation is shifting or settling. As the foundation moves, it can cause the frame of the house to twist, leading to visible gaps and separation.

cracks in drywall around a window frame, signaling problems with the home foundation.

Take a walk around the outside of your home and look closely at the areas around doors and windows. If you see any separation or if the doors and windows no longer sit flush with the wall, this could be a red flag for foundation issues.

Bulging or Leaning Walls

Another sign of potential foundation trouble is walls that appear to bulge or lean. This is most often seen in basement or crawl space walls, where shifting foundation pressure can cause the walls to bow inward. If you notice that your walls seem to be curving, it’s important to address this quickly as it could lead to further structural damage.

In some cases, exterior walls may also start to tilt or lean due to foundation movement. This is a more severe symptom and requires immediate attention from a foundation specialist to prevent more extensive damage.

Water in the Basement or Crawl Space

Water intrusion in basements or crawl spaces is a common issue in homes with foundation problems. Poor drainage, cracks in the foundation, or shifting soil can all allow water to seep into these areas. While water in a basement could be a result of other issues, such as a leaky pipe or poor waterproofing, it’s important to rule out foundation problems as a potential cause.

If you notice moisture, standing water, or signs of mold and mildew in your basement or crawl space, it’s a good idea to have a professional inspect the foundation for cracks or other damage.

Seeking Professional Help

Foundation issues can worsen over time, so it’s essential to address them as soon as possible. If you’ve noticed any of the warning signs mentioned above, consider consulting with a foundation expert. A professional inspection can help determine the extent of the damage and recommend the best course of action for repairs.

While foundation repairs can be costly, catching problems early can prevent more severe damage to the structure of your home. If you’re buying an older home, it’s also a good idea to request a foundation inspection as part of the home-buying process to ensure there are no hidden issues.

The Pros and Cons of a Pre-Listing Home Inspections for Sellers

Managing the competitive real estate market requires strategic decisions, and one such important choice for sellers is whether to conduct a pre-listing home inspection.

This step offers clear advantages, such as uncovering potential issues early, fostering transparency, and expediting the selling process. However, it also comes with certain drawbacks, including upfront costs and the risk of discovering significant problems that could impact negotiations.

How do these factors balance against each other, and what should sellers prioritize to optimize their outcomes?

What are The Pre-Listing Inspections?

A thorough assessment of a property’s condition is conducted by a professional inspector before the property is put on the market, a pre-listing inspection serves as a proactive measure for sellers.

This type of inspection involves a detailed evaluation of the home’s structural integrity, mechanical systems, and overall safety.

By identifying potential issues early on, sellers can address problems prior to listing, thereby enhancing market readiness and buyer confidence.

To provide a definitional overview, a pre-listing inspection entails a detailed examination of various components within the property. This includes, but is not limited to, the foundation, roof, electrical systems, plumbing, HVAC systems, and interior and exterior conditions.

Person Hand With Magnifying Glass Over Luxury House

The objective is to uncover any existing or potential defects that could affect the property’s value or sale process.

The inspection process typically begins with the engagement of a certified home inspector, who conducts an on-site evaluation. The inspector systematically examines each area of the home, documenting findings through written reports and photographic evidence.

This meticulous approach ensures that all critical aspects of the property are reviewed, providing the seller with a clear understanding of the property’s current condition and potential areas for improvement.

Benefits of Pre-Listing Inspections

Pre-listing home inspections offer significant advantages to sellers, including identifying potential issues early on. This proactive approach not only allows for timely repairs but also enhances buyer confidence, making the property more attractive in a competitive market.

Identifying Potential Issues

Conducting a pre-listing home inspection allows sellers to identify potential issues that could deter prospective buyers, thereby providing an opportunity to address these concerns proactively.

By uncovering hidden defects or maintenance needs, sellers can engage in effective maintenance planning, ensuring that the property is in top-notch condition before it hits the market.

This strategic approach not only helps in managing repair prioritization but also in allocating resources efficiently to tackle the most critical issues first.
Identifying potential problems early can greatly impact the marketability of a home.

For instance, resolving structural issues, plumbing leaks, or electrical problems before listing can prevent last-minute surprises that might derail a sale.

Additionally, addressing these elements ahead of time demonstrates to buyers that the property has been well-maintained and cared for, which can enhance its appeal.

Furthermore, being upfront about the home’s condition enables sellers to set a realistic asking price that reflects the true value of the property.

This transparency can lead to smoother negotiations and a quicker sale process. Ultimately, the foresight provided by a pre-listing inspection equips sellers with the knowledge and confidence to present their home in the best possible light.

Increasing Buyer Confidence

Overall, substantially addressing potential issues through pre-listing inspections can greatly enhance buyer confidence in the property’s condition.

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This strategic move allows sellers to identify and rectify any potential problems before listing the home, thereby presenting a well-maintained property to potential buyers.

A pre-listing inspection report provides transparency, fostering buyer trust and reducing the likelihood of last-minute surprises during the buyer’s inspection.

In addition to increasing buyer confidence, pre-listing inspections contribute to a positive reputation for the seller. When buyers see that a home has already been inspected and necessary repairs have been made, they are more likely to perceive the seller as honest and diligent.

This perception can significantly influence their decision-making process, often leading to faster offers and potentially higher selling prices.

Moreover, in competitive markets, a pre-listing inspection can distinguish a property from others, making it more attractive to discerning buyers. By demonstrating that the property has been carefully evaluated and maintained, sellers can instill a sense of security in buyers, ultimately facilitating smoother transactions.

Identifying Potential Issues

Uncovering potential issues early through a pre-listing home inspection can greatly enhance the seller’s position in the real estate market.

By identifying and addressing problems before listing, sellers can mitigate liabilities that might otherwise deter buyers or lead to negotiations that could undermine the sale price.

A thorough inspection sheds light on aspects of the property that may need attention, from structural concerns to minor repairs.

This proactive approach allows sellers to engage in preventative maintenance, ensuring that the home is in excellent condition when potential buyers view it.

Resolving issues such as outdated electrical systems, plumbing leaks, or roof damage can prevent last-minute surprises that could derail the selling process. Additionally, it provides the seller with the opportunity to make informed decisions about necessary repairs, possibly even enhancing the property’s value.

From a market perspective, homes that have undergone pre-listing inspections often stand out, as buyers are more likely to trust a property that has been meticulously maintained.

This can lead to shorter time on the market and potentially higher offers. Identifying potential issues early not only fortifies the seller’s negotiating stance but also contributes to a smoother, more transparent transaction process.

Setting a Realistic Price

Setting an essential price is vital for attracting serious buyers and ensuring a smooth transaction.

By accurately evaluating market value and being transparent about the condition of the property, sellers can foster trust and avoid the need for subsequent price reductions.

This approach not only speeds up the selling process but also maximizes potential returns.

Assessing Market Value

Determining an accurate market value for your property is essential to attract serious buyers and maximize your return on investment. Conducting a thorough market analysis is the cornerstone of this process. You can establish a realistic price range that reflects the true value of your home.

This analysis often involves a detailed price comparison with similar properties in your area, considering factors such as location, size, condition, and unique features.

Furthermore,  pre-listing home inspections provide critical insights that can affect your pricing strategy. Identifying and addressing any potential issues before listing can enhance your property’s appeal and justify a higher asking price.

Top view of digital tablet with financial year overview on screen. Businessman analyzing investment charts with digital tablet on wooden desk at office. positive stock market trend.

Conversely, understanding the scope and cost of necessary repairs can help you set a more competitive price if you choose not to make those improvements.

Ultimately, setting a realistic price based on thorough market analysis and price comparison not only attracts qualified buyers but also expedites the selling process.

It minimizes the risk of prolonged market exposure, which can lead to price reductions and diminished buyer interest, ensuring you achieve the best possible outcome for your sale.

Transparency With Buyers

Establishing transparency with buyers through a detailed pricing strategy fosters trust and facilitates smoother negotiations. Pre-listing home inspections allow sellers to present a property with full disclosure clarity, addressing potential issues upfront.

This proactive approach not only enhances buyer trust but also aids in setting a realistic and competitive market price.

When buyers are informed of the property’s condition through thorough inspection reports, they feel more confident in their purchasing decision. Disclosure clarity eliminates the element of surprise, reducing the likelihood of renegotiations or disputes later in the process.

Moreover, a transparent pricing strategy, backed by documented inspection findings, positions the seller as honest and forthright.

This reputation can be invaluable in a competitive market, where buyer trust can greatly influence purchasing decisions.

Engaging in this level of openness not only distinguishes a property but also streamlines the transaction, as buyers are less likely to request price reductions or contingencies based on undisclosed issues.

Setting a realistic price through transparency can be a decisive factor in achieving a successful sale.

Avoiding Price Reductions

A practical initial pricing strategy, based on thorough pre-listing inspection findings, is essential for avoiding subsequent price reductions.

Sellers can set a realistic price that accurately reflects the home’s value.

This transparency not only fosters buyer interest but also builds trust, as potential buyers are reassured that there are no hidden issues.

A well-priced home, backed by an inspection report, positions the property favorably in the market, providing a competitive advantage. It allows sellers to address any necessary repairs upfront, ensuring that the home is market-ready and reducing the likelihood of renegotiations or delayed closings.

This proactive approach can prevent the need for price reductions, which often occur when unexpected issues are discovered during the buyer’s inspection.

Moreover, setting a realistic price from the outset can attract serious buyers who are prepared to meet the asking price, thereby expediting the selling process.

By leveraging the information from a pre-listing inspection, sellers can confidently price their homes to reflect true market value, ultimately avoiding the pitfalls of overpricing and subsequent price reductions.

Speeding Up the Selling Process

By addressing potential issues through pre-listing home inspections, sellers can greatly expedite the selling process by minimizing the likelihood of unexpected delays. Identifying and resolving any problems before hand guarantees that the property is in excellent condition when it hits the market.

This proactive approach can greatly influence the closing timeline, as buyers are less likely to request additional inspections or repairs that could stall proceedings.

Moreover, pre-listing inspections can have a positive marketing impact. Properties that come with a certified pre-listing inspection report are often perceived as more transparent and trustworthy, which can attract more serious buyers.

This transparency can speed up buyer decision-making, as they can confidently proceed without the usual hesitations related to hidden defects.
In today’s competitive real estate market, time is of the essence.

Sellers who can provide a pre-listing inspection report demonstrate their commitment to a smooth transaction, thereby setting their property apart from others. This can lead to quicker offers and a more streamlined closing process.

To summarize, pre-listing home inspections not only increase marketability but also contribute to a more efficient and accelerated selling experience.

Reducing Buyer Negotiation Leverage

Conducting a pre-listing home inspection can greatly reduce a buyer’s leverage during negotiations by preemptively addressing potential issues.

In the competitive real estate market, buyers often use newly discovered defects as a bargaining tool to lower the purchase price or demand costly repairs.

Sellers can alleviate buyer hesitation and present a well-maintained property, thereby strengthening their position.

A strategic move within the seller strategy is to transparently share the inspection report with potential buyers. This proactive approach not only builds trust but also signals to buyers that the property has been meticulously evaluated.

As a result, buyers are less inclined to negotiate aggressively, knowing that major issues have already been addressed. This can lead to smoother transactions and a higher likelihood of receiving offers close to the asking price.

Furthermore, a pre-listing inspection can differentiate a property in a crowded market. Buyers are more likely to proceed with confidence, reducing the time the property spends on the market.

Ultimately, this seller strategy not only minimizes buyer hesitation but also fosters a more favorable negotiation environment, benefiting both parties involved.

Costs of a Pre-Listing Inspection

Understanding the costs associated with a pre-listing home inspection is essential for sellers aiming to make informed decisions about their real estate strategy.

A pre-listing inspection typically ranges from $300 to $500, although prices can vary based on the size and age of the property. The qualifications of the inspector play a significant role in determining this cost.

Highly qualified inspectors with extensive certifications and experience are likely to charge higher fees, but they also provide more detailed and trustworthy reports.

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Inspection duration is another factor influencing cost. A thorough inspection can take anywhere from two to four hours, depending on the complexity of the property.

This time investment ensures that the inspector can meticulously examine structural components, roofing, plumbing, electrical systems, and more.

Sellers should weigh these costs against the potential benefits, such as identifying and addressing issues before listing, which could expedite the sale process and improve the property’s marketability.

Investing in a qualified inspector and allowing ample time for a detailed inspection can ultimately lead to smoother transactions and possibly higher sale prices. Therefore, understanding these costs is an important step for sellers committed to optimizing their real estate outcomes.

Risks of Uncovering Major Problems

Uncovering major problems during a pre-listing inspection can pose significant risks to sellers, potentially affecting both the timeline and profitability of the sale.

Major issues, such as structural deficiencies, outdated electrical systems, or severe plumbing problems, can lead to buyer hesitation.

Prospective buyers might be concerned about the additional costs and efforts required to address these issues, thereby reducing their interest or willingness to make a competitive offer.

Once these problems are identified, sellers may face substantial repair obligations. Addressing these issues can be costly and time-consuming, potentially delaying the listing process and affecting the overall marketability of the property.

In some cases, sellers might be forced to lower the asking price to account for the necessary repairs, which could impact the profitability of the sale.
Disclosing major problems can change the negotiation dynamics.

Buyers may demand further inspections or request credits, adding another layer of complexity to the transaction.

Sellers must weigh these potential risks carefully when considering a pre-listing inspection, balancing the need for transparency with the possible implications on the sale process and final sale price.

Making the Final Decision

When deciding whether to proceed with a pre-listing home inspection, sellers must carefully evaluate the potential benefits and drawbacks in the context of their specific situation.

This decision hinges on multiple factors, including the current condition of the property, the local real estate market, and the seller’s timeline and financial objectives.

Consulting with real estate professionals and home inspectors can provide valuable insights and expert recommendations tailored to individual circumstances.

Seller confidence can be greatly enhanced by a pre-listing inspection. Knowing the exact condition of the home can allow sellers to address any issues proactively, potentially avoiding last-minute negotiations or price reductions.

Presenting a clean inspection report to prospective buyers can also enhance trust and streamline the sales process, making the home more attractive in a competitive market.

However, sellers must also consider the potential risks, such as uncovering major problems that could be costly to fix or might deter buyers.

Balancing these factors, informed by expert recommendations, enables sellers to make a well-considered decision.

Ultimately, the choice to conduct pre-listing inspections should align with the seller’s broader strategy and market conditions, ensuring the best possible outcome for the sale.

Conclusion

Pre-listing home inspections present sellers with a strategic opportunity to identify potential issues, set a realistic asking price, and expedite the selling process. This proactive approach can reduce buyer negotiation leverage and enhance property marketability.

However, sellers must weigh the associated costs and the risk of uncovering major problems. A thorough evaluation of these factors will enable sellers to make an informed decision that aligns with their broader selling strategy and prevailing market conditions.

DIY: Clean out that dryer vent

If you’ve ever seen those photos of the nastiness that comes out of a dryer vent, and you love DIY projects, you’ll love knowing that it’s not that difficult of a job.

You don’t have to hire a vent cleaning company because it’s a simple (and satisfying) DIY project.

You’ll need some tools, but other than that, the job is a snap.

Why clean it?

All that stuff in the vent is a safety hazard. Between “… 2014-2018, U.S. fire departments responded to an estimated average …” of 13,820 home fires involving clothes dryers, according to Marty Ahrens with the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

“One-third (32 percent) of dryer fires were caused by a failure to clean. This appears to be mainly lint build-up,” Ahrens concludes.

Aside from the safety issue, all that rubbish in the vent causes the dryer to work harder and, thus, less effectively, wasting energy.

Gather your tools and get to work

You will need a dryer vent cleaning brush and a vacuum cleaner with a crevice attachment.

  • Disconnect the dryer from the power supply or, for a gas dryer, turn off the gas supply.
  • Drag the dryer away from the wall to give yourself enough room to get behind it.
  • Disconnect the duct connected to the back of the dryer.
  • Insert a vent cleaning brush (available at Amazon.com, HomeDepot.com and Lowes.com) into the opening at the back of the dryer and “… gently twist it around, pulling out any lint,” suggests Jenny McFarlane and Sarah Warwick at RealHomes.com.
  • By this point, you should have a nasty pile of lint on the floor which you can then vacuum up.

Next, move on to the vent duct (the part that connects to the wall).

  • Disconnect the duct from the wall.
  • Use your hands to remove the lint.
  • Use the vacuum with the crevice attachment to carefully clean inside the vent.

There may be some lint stuck in the dryer vent tubing. Insert the brush into the tubing and push it forward and pull backward. Repeat this several times, at both ends of the tubing,

Don’t neglect the exterior vent

Do you know where your dryer’s exterior vent is? “For most dryer models, you can’t run the exhaust duct more than 25 feet from the dryer to the exhaust port,” according to the experts at MrAppliance.com.

They go on to suggest that if you can’t find it nearby, “… check the basement wall or the attic/roof.”

  • Remove the vent cover
  • Use the brush to loosen the lint inside the duct, and the vacuum to remove it.
  • Replace the cover and you’re finished!

Before you call it a day and a job well-done, check behind the dryer to ensure you’ve cleaned up all the lint off the floor. Otherwise, a fire hazard still exists.

Test your handiwork

  • Reconnect the dryer to the power outlet or turn the gas back on.
  • Push the dryer back into place.
  • Run the dryer for about 15 minutes on the air cycle (often called the “fluff” cycle) to ensure everything is working as it should.

 

 

Fall Is Here! Time to get to those home maintenance chores

Fall fell on us on September 22 and if you haven’t yet begun your fall home maintenance tasks, it’s time to get started. And, to help, we’ve gathered some tips.

Smoke alarms save lives

Fall and winter see an increase in home fires, according to the American Red Cross, and faulty smoke alarms were to blame for more than 20 percent of home fire deaths. Sadly, nearly 40 percent of the deaths occurred in homes that didn’t have smoke alarms, according to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA).

If you have smoke alarms in the home, now is the time to check that they’re working properly. Change the batteries if you can’t remember when they were last changed.

Also, ensure that you have enough smoke alarms in the home. They should be installed outside of each bedroom and on all levels of the home.

“If you and your family sleep with the doors closed, install smoke alarms inside sleeping areas, too,” suggests the NFPA.

NFPA also suggests the following:

  • Consider connecting your smoke alarms so that when one sounds, they all do.
  • Replace all smoke alarms when they are 10 years old
  • Use both ionization and photoelectric alarms throughout the home. The former detects flaming fires and the latter will warn you about smoldering fires.

Check the weather-stripping

Windows and doors are notoriously leaky, allowing our toasty indoor air out and that frosty stuff in. Not only is this tough on your utility bills but uncomfortable for the occupants of your home as well.

Weather-stripping is the way to stop the leaks, but it’s not something that lasts forever and periodically needs to be replaced.

Try rattling your windows. If you’re successful, you probably need to replace the weather-stripping.

If you can see daylight around the door frames you’ll need to strip there as well.

It’s an easy DIY project and Sal Vaglica of This Old House offers a handy walkthrough of how to choose the right product and you can get tips on installing weather stripping from the U.S. Department of Energy.

Yes, it’s a bit of a time-consuming task, but one well worth performing. Replacing worn-out weather-stripping can save 10 to 15 percent on your energy bills this winter, according to the U.S. Department of Energy.

Get a tune up

HVAC systems (heating, ventilation and air conditioning) last from 15 to 20 years, if properly maintained. Components within the system, however, have shorter life spans, according to the experts at ThisOldHouse.com. The heat pump, for instance will die at around 16 years after installation.

Since we’re entering into that time of year when our heating systems will start getting heavy use, call in a professional to inspect yours.

If you have an oil heating system, inspect the entire system – tank, line, pipes, fittings and valves – for leaks. for leaks. The Massachusetts Environmental and Energy Affairs department claims that the cost of cleaning up a heating oil leak averages between $20,000 and $50,000.

Have your oil company service the furnace and replace any damaged parts.

Forced air systems require seasonal maintenance as well. At the very least, stock up on filters and change them monthly during fall and winter.

Don’t forget the home’s exterior

Step outside and inspect the exterior home from top to bottom.

  • Check the gutters and if they’re clogged, clean them out and then check for leaks. Ensure that the downspouts are still directing water away from the home.
  • If you have siding, check to see if it needs caulking.
  • Check the siding and caulk it, if needed. Also check the exterior corners, where two walls meet. Caulk there as well, if needed. For answers to questions about what should and should not be caulked, head to com and read their guide.
  • If you’ve been putting off blowing out the irrigation system, consider doing it soon and then wrap the pipes.
  • Check trees around the house and trim back any branches that might break during heavy winds.

Of course, there’s lots more you can add to your fall honey-do list, but these tasks will get you started and ensure that your home is safe and sealed from the elements.

What’s lurking in your home’s plumbing system?

While the surgeon general hasn’t taken up labeling water heaters as possibly harmful to your health, they may be. In fact, any of the many components that make up a home’s plumbing system are rife with the possibility of breeding Legionella pneumophila, the rod-shaped bacteria responsible for Legionnaires’ disease, according to a report at usnews.com.

The bacteria

Legionella is found naturally in freshwater environments, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It most often causes disease, however, when it grows in “human-made water systems,” such as hot tubs, swimming pools, ice-making machines, landscape water features, water heaters, showers and faucets.

Stagnant warm water (at a temperature between 68 and 120 degrees Fahrenheit), that contains sufficient biodegradable compounds, is the condition that most favors growth of the bacteria, according to a study by the American Society for Microbiology.

Furthermore, temperatures of 90 to 105 degrees are the ideal range for the bacteria’s growth. Rust, scale, “and the presence of other microorganisms can also promote the growth of LDB,” warns the experts at the U.S. Occupational and Safety Health Administration (OSHA).

“It will grow anywhere in the piping system where conditions are favorable for growth,” Ron L. George, president of Plumb-Tech Design & Consulting Services in Michigan tells, U.S. News’ Devon Thorsby.

The disease

Legionnaires’ disease, a lung disease and specific form of pneumonia, is tricky to diagnose because it presents with flu-like symptoms. It is particularly deadly to smokers, those with compromised immune systems and those in poor health. Although the large outbreaks get all the media attention, OSHA estimates that between 10,000 and 50,000 Americans are hospitalized each year for the disease.

Those who come down with Legionnaire’s disease were exposed to the bacteria by inhaling airborne water droplets that contain the bacteria (such as in the shower) or drinking water contaminated with it.

How the bacteria reaches your home

The water crisis in Flint, Michigan was a wakeup call to the entire country: don’t assume that your tap water is safe.

Thorsby warns that “Federal water conservation bills passed beginning in the 1990s have slowed the speed of water [to our homes], making travel time from a treatment plant to the end of the line longer. It went from as quickly as two days to as long as two weeks, in some cases . . .”

Why is this slowdown a problem? Municipal water systems purify water with chlorine, which decays quickly, diminishing by the time it reaches your home. If the chlorine content is negligible at this point, water in the lines “ . . . could become more vulnerable to picking up contaminants from pipe corrosion, interruptions like water main breaks and other incidents that could introduce toxins into the water,”  Thorsby cautions.

How to protect yourself

The best way to ensure that Legionella is destroyed is by controlling the temperature of your water heater, according to OSHA. Set and maintain the temperature at 140 degrees.

Of course, this temperature introduces the danger of scalding, which can be minimized with the use of thermostatic mixing valves, according to the experts at Plumbing and Mechanical magazine. “Replacing standard faucet and shower fixtures with thermostatic mixing valves may allow a homeowner to maintain hot water at 140-degree F from the water heater to the mixing valve, but deliver water at a lower temperature to reduce the risk of scalding.”

Next, you’ll need to eliminate the bacteria’s food sources, such as scale and sediment. Something as simple as replacing your electric water heater with a gas model takes care of this requirement, according to the magazine. Not only do electric water heaters tend to have lower temperatures than their gas counterparts, but their heating elements are typically located on the side of the unit. Gas heaters, on the other hand, heat the water from below the tank, where sediment builds up, thereby destroying the bacteria’s major food source.

If that doesn’t convince you to ditch the electric water heater, consider a Canadian study of 211 homes, 178 of which had electric water heaters. The study found that 69 of these homes, or 33 percent, harbored Legionella. None were found in the homes with gas water heaters.

Regardless of which type of water heater you have, it needs to be drained and fully cleaned (not just flushed out) once a year.

Buying a vacant home?

Foreclosure and other vacant homes are perfect breeding grounds for Legionella. Since the plumbing system hasn’t been used, the water in the heater has been stagnant and, most likely, not hot enough to prevent the bacteria’s reproduction. The same holds true for the pipes in the system.

NSF International, a product testing, inspection and certification organization in Michigan, recommends that vacant home buyers flush the plumbing system with “superheated” water. In fact, they recommend that all homeowners perform this flush once a month.

  • Set the water heater thermostat to its hottest setting.
  • Turn on the water at each tap and allow them to run for 30 minutes. “If your water heater doesn’t have the capacity to flush all taps simultaneously (most home water heaters don’t), flush one or two taps at a time for 15 minutes, beginning with those closest to the water heater and ending with the farthest taps,” the experts at NSF recommend.
  • Run the dishwasher and washing machine at their hottest settings.

Don’t forget to lower the temperature after the flush’s conclusion. NSF cautions that “only nonsmokers in generally good health” perform the flush, that children and those with compromised immune system leave the house during the procedure and that the flow from each faucet should be regulated to avoid splashing.